Atlanta runs its own large permitting operation through the Department of City Planning. Sandy Springs, Roswell, Alpharetta, Johns Creek, Milton, Union City, College Park each own their permit and inspection desks. Fulton County handles only the unincorporated slivers and certain regional services.
How this fits with the state
The state authority here is GA State Licensing Board. The county file does not replace that — it adds the permit office, local overlays, and the actual filing path.